Fundamentals of Quality Auditing

Question: Examine about the Fundamentals of Quality Auditing. Answer: Presentation Reviewing will in general be a methodical procedure where examiners impartially get and assess proof with respect to the financial declaration acts and the occasions, in order to find out the degree of correspondence among affirmation and the set up standards by conveying the relate results to the invested individuals. In view of this, reviewers are required to have the affirmation angle. Confirmation will in general be the commitment whereby an expert will in general express end intended to improve certainty to the expected clients as opposed to concentrating on the mindful group about the outcomes being assessed regarding estimation of the subject against the set rules (Russel Wilson, 2013). For this situation, a genuine case of confirmation administrations incorporates affirmation (review) of the related budget summaries, confirmation detailing of inside control, affirmation of electronic business and confirmation of forthcoming monetary data. Thought of every one of these prompts the methodical stage process where it infers that there is the need of building up a very much arranged sensible methodology when directing a review as it includes objective getting and assessment proof. In view of all these as talked about above, it demonstrates that inspecting keeps an eye on progressively reasonable in nature contrasted with bookkeeping process. In bookkeeping, the principle center is for the most part around learning the standards, procedures and calculations required to get ready fiscal reports (Wright, 2016). With respect to examining it generally centers around learning the structure of investigation and consistent abilities required in assessing the applicable and unwavering quality of a framework and procedure in budgetary data, just as the data itself (Fairhall, 2010). Along these lines, for one to be effective in the evaluating procedure, the individual in question must have the option to follow certain inspecting standards that are fundamental in the conduction of the procedure. Along these lines, this paper will offer a top to bottom knowledge of the reviewing method and relate it without contextual investigation as a statement factor. Thus, they include : Recognizing the attestation being tried In numerous occurrences, review methodology are done as such as to test the fiscal summaries declarations (Prinsloo et al, 2014). Along these lines, it will in general be important that while clarifying the review system you initially distinguish the affirmation that necessities testing. For this situation, the declarations exemplified in the fiscal summary are regularly imperative for examiners since they target considering various sorts of possible errors as they show up in various structures. In this way, as a reviewer of Best Living Supplies Limited first I ought to comprehend that the attestations that need testing incorporate; ceaseless stock record and physical stock document. To upgrade comprehension of this progression certain contemplations must be taken in order to make the procedure viable, and they incorporate event, culmination, precision, valuation and distribution, presence, cut off and arrangement. Culmination here, one must consider all the exchanges that have been recorded in the fiscal reports for example the liabilities, resources, value intrigue and other exposure have been viably remembered for the fiscal summary (Homewood, 2001). With respect to our contextual analysis, as the reviewer one ought to guarantee that the required value-based variable in the ceaseless stock document is recorded, this will in general stretch out likewise to the physical stock document. Event the attestation here must show those exchanges and the occasions, just as different issues, that have been recorded as they occurred and will in general identify with the association. For example, as the reviewer of Best Living Company in the interminable stock document, I ought to guarantee that every thing bought or sold during the year is effectively recorded as it occurred. It ought to likewise be obvious that the recorded exchange is according to the organization. Valuation and designation here, the recorded exchanges in the fiscal reports requires fitting valuation as per companys strategy and there be an important detailing system. In any case of designation or valuation of any value-based modifications need there is need of reasonable divulgence with the suitable sums (Parsowith, 1995). For our situation, we ought to consider the calculate that never-ending stock document all the exchanges according to buy and deal are accurately recorded as far as right worth. On the off chance that there is any alteration, they ought to likewise be recorded to forestall occurrences of money related misquote that are probably going to happen. Precision this implies according to the value-based and the occasions that are adequately recorded as far as exact sums for example the sums that show up in the wellsprings of archives (Kunz Hamel, 2014). On the off chance that we could make a connection with our contextual analysis firm, as an examiner when directing the review strategy, I will ensure that the exchanges recorded in the unending and physical stock documents section are exact. Thus, this progression will in general forestall an occasion where there is sign or presence of mistake. Grouping this involves money related data is properly introduced and uncovered, and for the exposure purposes they ought to be plainly communicated s as to make it simple for clients to comprehend. For our situation study, while unveiling data during reviewing for Best Living Supplies Company what ought to be considered is the utilization of straightforward language and the state matter must be clear and briefly to upgrade understanding. Presence when directing this review system one ought to have the option to prove if the revealing date of the substance is right (Basu, 2009). Such a stage will in general be vital for our situation as we can know the real date an exchange occurred corresponding to the buying or offer of benefits in the physical or unending stock document. Cutoff-as an evaluator comprehend that the value-based and the occasions that have been recorded as far as the right record time. For our situation, if merchandise in our two stock records products are conveyed before the year end, it implies that every one of these should be remembered for the expense of products or administrations being sold not in the stock. Thought of such realities will in general be crucial in examining methodology. Distinguish the review technique Here, it becomes imperative in the event that one can pick the statement being tried as demonstrated previously. Thus, one picks declaration from valuation, assignment, presence and rights. Onwards in the wake of picking the declaration being tried it is indispensable to recognize the hazard that may cause any type of materiality misquotes as they show up in fiscal reports (Saxena et al, 2010). Here, the inspecting hazard will in general be the complete estimation of Best Living Supplies Company property, plant and hardware as demonstrated the two stock records. Subsequently, the criticalness of this progression will in general be shirking of revalued resources. The difficult that comes to fruition with revalued resource will in general be the not reasonable portrayal of qualities, where they can be under/exaggerated. Subsequently, this methodology is exceptionally vital when directing reviewing for our situation organization. In conclusion, it is essential to at any rate attempt and considers reviewing technique from the AEIOU. A will be a portrayal of the diagnostic systems, the E-enquiry and affirmation, I for assessment of the recorded resources; O involves perception and U being the recalculation and the re-execution. Considering this strategy for Best Living Supplies Ltd would be noteworthy when leading their review methodology. Satisfactory introduction and adequate revelation As an inspector, you ought to have the option to play out the reviewing methods to at any rate attempt to assess whether the general introduction contained in the money related records, incorporates the benefited divulgences, and is as per related applied budgetary detailing system (Whittington Delaney, 2012). For this situation, as an inspector for Best Living Supplies Limited when doing the review procedure, it is essential to make introduction and revelation in an unmistakable and succinct manner that facilitates comprehension of the evaluating report. Assessing Sufficiency and the precision in the Audit Evidence Regarding review methodology being performed and review proof accomplished, another essential strategy for the reviewer ought to be an assessment, before they make the finish of the evaluating procedure, regardless of whether the related appraisals of the distinguished danger of material error that has applicable statement level stay fitting. The examiner ought to likewise have the option to close whether there is adequate and suitable evaluating proof that has been acquired. When creating ends, as an examiner you ought to have the option to consider all the applicable evaluating proof, whether or not they have all the earmarks of being in cooperation or repudiating with the affirmations of the budget summaries (Davies Aston, 2011). On the off chance that the examiner hasnt had the option to accomplish some adequate and a fitting evaluating proof concerning the important degrees of statement, as an evaluator you ought to in any event attempt to grow much further reviewing proof. Regardless of whether examiners will in general be not able to acquire infer adequate inspecting proof, as an evaluator you may consider communicating a far superior qualified sentiment or in any event, disavowing any feeling in the money related records. Documentation As an examiner of Best Living Supplies Company it will in general be imperative to incorporate the accompanying: The general reaction that targets tending to the dangers being evaluated as far as material misquote in the gave monetary records gave and genuine nature and the degree of the examining strategies that has been performed. The related linkage of these methodology and those surveyed dangers at the important declaration level; and Consequences of inspecting strategies will in general incorporate ends, grew such ends on occasion arent o

Theories of Human Values essays

Hypotheses of Human Values articles 1. Erik Erikson is liable for building up the epigenetic guideline. This rule is a phase hypothesis that depicts human turn of events and development from birth to death. In contrast to Freud's stage hypothesis, Erikson's epigenetic rule stretches out into adulthood and depicts the hypotheses through which one must go so as to grow psychosocially. Every one of Erikson's stages has an ideal time span during which it happens. The stage comprises of a test, or emergency that the person must determination so as to create as a sound individual. The stages are advanced through in arrangement, with the underlying stage managing the advancement of trust as a baby, and the last stage (in mature age) presenting the test of honesty versus despair. The primary phase of the epigenetic standard is the trust/doubt polarity that shows up soon after birth and regularly goes on until age one. In this period, the newborn child is confronted with the emergency of creating trust (suitably), ordinarily trust in the mother. In the subsequent stage, from around a few years of age, the baby experiences a phase of self-sufficiency versus disgrace. Whenever settled in a sound way, the youngster will learn self-sufficiency and move into the phase of activity versus blame. This stage ordinarily endures from age three to six. The phase of industry versus inadequacy is ordinary of kids from six to twelve years of age and is settled in a solid way by learned enterprising nature. The last stage before adulthood is one of character versus job dissemination in the young years. The character emergency that can create in youth is suggestive of an uncertain test in this stage. As indicated by Erikson, grown-ups additionally progress through phases of improvement that take them from a closeness/disengagement emergency in their 20s, through a generativity/stagnation challenge in middle age to a last emergency The epigen... <!

Emerging Market MNC Analysis Essay Example

Developing Market MNC Analysis Paper A portion of these organizations were extremely effective and some needed to pull back to their nation of birthplace. In OTOH situations, those organizations embraced to various plans of action, systems break down two unique Macs, TCL and Acre, which fall in the class of electronic firms from developing markets, so as to come out with a superior comprehension of their globalize procedure. TCL Overview TCL is one of the biggest buyer gadgets NC on the planet. It was established by Mr.. Falsehood Donnishness, the Current CEO, in 1981 in China. The organization creates a wide assorted of electronic items, for example, TV, cell phone and Internet get to gadgets; also, it is one of the main organizations and was positioned 6th in the worldwide TV capture as far as piece of the pie (TCL Annual Report, 2011), which is the primary business for TCL. See figure 2. The organization has an overall nearness; it has in excess of 40 deals workplaces, 18 R habitats, and 20 assembling bases (TCL Introduction, 2011). Numerous pundits ascribe the companys accomplishment to concentrating on development just as quality; subsequently, TCL stifled many driving organizations, for example, Samsung and Sony. We will compose a custom article test on Emerging Market MNC Analysis explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Emerging Market MNC Analysis explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Emerging Market MNC Analysis explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Section of land Overview Originally known as Multitude, the Taiwanese organization was established by Stan Shih in 1976, which developed to turn into the fourth biggest PC maker on the planet and has an overall nearness (Acre Overview, 2013). In addition, Acre considered being one of the biggest unique hardware maker (MEMO). The organization had the option to accomplish this by having one of the most recognize incorporated activities, between parent organization in Taiwan and auxiliaries, just as between one auxiliary and another. Astoundingly, in its globalize procedure, Acre adopted progressively adaptable strategy which varies from the control based American, European or Japanese models. Section of land has a drawn out mission which is breaking hindrances among individuals and innovation (Acre Brands, 2013). Additionally, the organization targets various client fragments by having multi-brand procedure; it has 4 distinct brands which are: Acre, Gateway, machines, and Packard Bell (Acre Brands, 2013). 2 Market Presence (Question 1) TCL Market Presence TCL has an overall nearness as far as deals, assembling and tasks. The organization had the option to have a major nearness in every one of the six mainlands through Joint endeavor and acquisitions (Donnishness, Lie, 2011). It disperses its items through in excess of 40 deals workplaces and organizations around the world. In addition, the organization has 18 R places in China, USA, France, Germany and Singapore. The organization additionally possesses 20 assembling bases comprehensively, in China, Poland, Mexico, Thailand and Vietnam. (Donnishness, Lie, 2011). See figure 3. The geographic developing examples will be talked about in the accompanying subject. Section of land Market Presence Acre likewise has an overall nearness as far as deals, assembling and activities. Through its acquisitions, Greenfield speculations, and multi-brand methodology, Acre had the option to infiltrate in each of the six landmasses and exceed expectations. It has four provincial specialty units (Rabbis) in US, Europe, Singapore, and Taiwan. The principle elements of those specialty units to sell, showcase and give after deal administrations. Every single one of those units has branches in numerous nations. See figure 5. 3 Patterns of Growing (Question 2) TCL Growing We can partition the organization development into four primary stages. First stage (1981-1997), request to grow its business in the PRE showcase (Sandra Bell, 2010). Second Phase(1998-1999), extending to neighboring nation, which was having a Joint endeavor with Taiwan C.V. base, TCL-C.V. PC Co. Was set up (CAB, 1998). Third stage (2000-2004), growing to the created nations for the most part in Europe; TCL had numerous universal venture, for example, getting Schneider Electronics GAG in Germany (TCL Annual Report, 2002), a JP with Locate (Murals, D. , 2011), and a JP with Thomson (Elaine Quarterback, 2009), in this stage TCL concentrated on misfortune organizations, ideally they can turnaround those misfortunes. Nonetheless, practically all speculations confronted gigantic misfortunes because of a few reasons, for example, the board style and the misinterpreted of its influence to turnaround a misfortune organization (Sandra Bell, 2010). Fourth stage (2005-present), in this stage TCL obtained accomplices partakes in Jobs; for example, TCL gained Locate shares in the JP (Helen Yuan, 2005), just as, Thomson partakes in the JP (Sandra Bell, 2010). Further, they concentrated on building a worldwide brand name through cooperating with key disseminates such KEA and Carefree. See figure 6. Section of land Growing For Acre we can partition the organization development into four fundamental stages. First stage (1976-1977), which incorporates the foundation of the organization, and begin offering to the nearby market (Milestones Innovations, 2013). Second stage (1978-1984), in the start of this stage the organization began to target little neighboring markets, for example, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, and Singapore. Later on, it extended its sending out to arrive at the US and a few pieces of Europe. This stage was surprising in Acres life and viewed as the remove (The Wall Street, 2007). Third stage (1985-2000), in this stage Acre began to contribute around the world (Milestones Innovations, 2013), they made a ton of acquisitions, Joint endeavors, and green field ventures, for example, the obtaining of Altos Computers Systems, a JP with Computed from Mexico to frame Acre Computed Latin America (UCLA), and setting up Acre America Corporation in the US. This stage viewed as basic in the life of Acre, it went worldwide, enormous misfortunes were made, and the organization was rebuilt multiple pantomimes. To sum up, the expense of learning in this period was high. Fourth stage (2001-Present), which speaks to the changing from assembling organization to an assistance organization, in another words, the organization outsourcer producing, and the principle exercises became deals, promoting, and after deals administrations , which is like NIKKEI plan of action (The Wall Street, 2007). See figure 6. 4 Entry Modes (Question 3) TCL Entry Modes TCL had two sorts of outside direct speculations; Joint endeavor and obtaining. They had Jobs with Taiwan C.V. base, Thomson (French organization), and Locate (French many). Be that as it may, the acquisitions were by procuring Schneider Electronics GAG in Germany, Thomson partakes in the JP, and Locate shares in the JP too. As of late, they settled on certain understandings and collaboration with Samsung (re-appropriating understanding) (Marie Han, 2008), KEA (Anna Rainstorm, 2011) and Carefree (Sandra Bell, 2010). See figure 1. The Joint endeavor with Thomson was momentous as far as sum, nature and result. The two organizations set up ?450 million (money and resources), where TCL and Thomson shares were 67% and 33% individually (TCL Annual 20,000 deals outlets. Then again, Thomson brought to the arrangement its processing plants in Poland, Thailand, and Mexico (Elaine Quarterback, 2009). The JP was not beneficial and completed misfortunes for the two organizations. Therefore, the two organizations went to an understanding, and TCL purchased Thomson partakes in the JP. Besides, the securing included Thomson TV plants in Mexico, Thailand and Poland, RD focuses in USA, Germany and Singapore, and overall deals systems (Sandra Bell, 2010). Section of land Entry Modes Acre had three sorts of outside direct speculations; green field, Joint endeavor and obtaining. The green field ventures were for the most part to build up provincial activity units (in Europe, USA, Asia, and so on ) which have sub-branches in numerous nations. The principle capacities for these units to sell, advertise and give after deal administrations (Ping Lie Peter, 1998). The organization likewise carried out certain Responsibilities, for example, a JP with Texas Instruments to frame TTL-Acre DRAM, just as a JP with Computed to shape Acre Computed Latin America (UCLA) (Ping Lie Peter, 1998). See figure 1 . Sections of land securing objectives were fundamentally to accomplish multi-brand procedure. The organization procured Gateway, machines, Packard Bell, E-ten and concur. These acquisitions improved Acres worldwide nearness, and made it ready to target diverse client portions (Acre Overview, 2013). 5 Factors for Investing Abroad (Question 4) TCL Factors for putting abroad when all is said in done, there are numerous variables that drove Chinese organizations to look for worldwide market. For TCL there were 5 fundamental elements: In 2000, rivalry inside the PRE hardware advertise was forceful which prompted a value war and industry edge was contracting (Sandra Bell, 2010). In 2001, China turned into a WTFO part which helped a great deal of Chinese organizations to band together with organizations from created nations, as TCL had any understandings and Jobs. Falsehood Donnishness, CEO of the organization, was considering going worldwide since the Asian emergency in the late sasss, exploiting the Chinese stable economy to construct a brand which was the organization upper hand in his vision. The organization additionally did some worldwide ventures to beat exchange hindrances, for example, the counter dumping European arrangement (The Financial Times Limited, 2003). The organization likewise overestimated its capacity to turnaround a misfortune organization, which was a fundamental drive for certain acquisitions, for example, securing Schneider Electronics GAG in Germany (Sandra Bell, 2010). Obtaining Schneider Electronics GAG in Germany is an unmistakable model for the last two elements. Section of land Factors for contributing abroad For Acre the principle explanation behind growing is that the market size around then, early sasss, was little. They focused on little neighboring nations, be that as it may, as Shih expressed the mix of numerous little markets isn't little, additionally there was a potential since those little markets were increasing

What Is Personalized Learning And Why Is It Important

Personalized Learning Can Help Students Achieve Academic and College Prep Success By Megan, Tutoring Manager Every student is different – including the ways in which they learn. Just like students should focus on fit when selecting colleges to which to apply, fit is also important when analyzing the best way to help students achieve their academic goals in the college prep process. This is where Personalized Learning comes into play. According to United States National Education Technology Plan 2017, Personalized Learning â€Å"refers to the instructions in which the pace of learning and the instructional approach are optimized for the needs of each learner. The concept of ‘personal learning’ has re-emerged in the last 10 years as a way of creating inclusive education opportunities for students. While this is a newer concept for many areas of education, this has been something Tutoring has been specializing in since our founding. The premise for Personalized Learning is to create custom curriculum and learning objectives, based on the learning needs of each individual student. While this has begun being applied to academic learning across the K-12 spectrum and specifically on a grand-scale platform by Mark Zuckerberg, the CEO of Facebook. From an Tutoring perspective, our programs are customized specifically for each student, ensuring all individual tutoring needs (academic and test prep) are met. Prior to developing an individualized tutoring plan, we conduct an in-depth consultation, as well as administer and evaluate diagnostic tests, in order to best assess students’ abilities and needs. Let’s take a moment to analyze how curriculum design for college preparation can embody personalized learning by asking the following questions: How do our tutors implement personalized learning? What do we do regarding content density levels? When can students utilize our tutoring services? Where can students utilize our tutoring services? Implementation of a Personalized Learning Experience The first component of implementing personalized learning is getting to know your student and their educational background, interests, and academic/test prep goals. Having an understanding of where a student is coming from and where they want to go helps create a custom experience. Why? Distinguishing the student’s background and goals from past students allows our team to recognize that there is no ‘one size fits all’ for academic material retention and comprehension. When it comes to test preparation, a core component needed to understand the background and current academic level of a student is their diagnostic test scores. Prior to beginning tutoring for a standardized test, we require our students to take a practice test in replicated test-like conditions. Encouraging our students to following the proctoring instructions mirroring those of the exam, we are able to acquire close portrayals of how they would perform under pressure. Once we receive diagnostic scores, our Tutoring Manager reviews the scores to create a custom tutoring plan, called a Test Evaluation, evaluating scores, trends, pacing issues, and overall testing themes. From this Test Evaluation, tutors are able to review diagnostic scores and the Test Evaluation to have a strong profile view of what is needed for the student’s test preparation. From the tutor and Tutoring Manager’s analysis, we then recommend test prep or academic materials that are relevant to our student’s needs and send them to our student and their tutor to begin tutoring. Recognizing Modifying Content Density Level An important component of fostering an environment of Personalized Learning is strategizing the content level to keep students motivated and engaged. Based on a student’s diagnostic score, tutors will customize their strategy and approach to match the starting point of the student. A student may come in as a novice in a certain section of the exam, perhaps Heart of Algebra on the SAT. Recognizing this, our tutor will start with the basics of Algebra and work on mastering easy and medium questions before starting to focus on the advanced levels or ‘hards’. Learning on Your Time Where You Want! Having the flexibility with tutoring at home or on the go is important for personalized learning. Most of our students come to us with many different academic requirements, extracurricular activities and time commitments. With this being the case, it’s important for students to have the flexibility to choose when they would like tutoring, as well as having access to practice or prep materials outside of their sessions. Tutoring sessions offered online give students the comfort of working from their own homes, while scheduling around all of these commitments. Our tutors offer additional supplemental work for students outside of their sessions or homework or enrichment purposes. One of these assigned outside materials could be a practice test, which we typically distribute to students after every 10 hours of tutoring in order to ensure they are making strides towards their goals. No matter how to plan to reach your academic goals, it’s important to remember that test prep and tutoring is not â€Å"one size fits all.† Personalized Learning is a great approach that aims to optimize your abilities for academic and test success. In the end, make sure you are working towards your academic goals with materials and programs that work for you and your schedule.

The Civil Rights Act Of 1964 - 925 Words

Americans and even immigrants are afforded their basic civil rights based on the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The act, which was signed into law on July 2, 1964, declared all discrimination for any reason based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin will be deemed illegal in the United States (National Park Service, n.d.). When the act was enacted, people had to become more open minded; more accepting to the various cultures and backgrounds of individuals. Understanding that concept leads to the notion that there is and will be a diverse population within the United States. Diversity, as defined by the Cambridge dictionary, is the condition or fact of being different or varied (Cambridge Dictionary, n.d.). Diversity is also†¦show more content†¦Under the guidance of Title VI of the Civil Rights section, FEMA has established policy guidance to meet Civil Rights mandates (Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), 2015). In the event of a disaster, whether man-m ade or natural, staff members of FEMA work closely with community organizations to resolve tension and eliminate potential complaints of discrimination (Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), 2015). Every individual will be afforded to the opportunity to receive care and service, even those with disabilities as this community is overlooked during emergencies. If staff members violate any section of the Civil Rights section, a formal complaint can be made through the Office of Equal Rights (OER) to obtain assistance (Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), 2015). Complaints of discrimination is a serious matter that should to be managed swiftly on the part of any agency and in the case of FEMA, this matter is addressed formally by a Civil Rights Specialist. A Civil Rights Specialist is employed to manage cases of discrimination and investigate the validity of the complaint. The scope of their position is to process complaints, issue acknowledgements and acceptance/dismissals, conduct compliance reviews and issue a final decision in regards to the complaint being filed (Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), 2015). The denial to programs services, aids, or benefits are prohibited through the program and that is why it isShow MoreRelatedCivil Rights Act of 19641840 Words   |  8 PagesBefore the Civil Rights Act of 1964, segregation in the United States was commonly practiced in many of the Southern and Border States. This segregation while supposed to be separate but equal, was hardly that. Blacks in the South were discriminated ag ainst repeatedly while laws did nothing to protect their individual rights. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 ridded the nation of this legal segregation and cleared a path towards equality and integration. The passage of this Act, while forever alteringRead More Civil Rights Act of 1964 Essay1338 Words   |  6 Pages The Civil Rights Act of 1964 resulted from one of the most controversial House and Senate debates in history. It was also the biggest piece of civil rights legislation ever passed. The bill actually evolved from previous civil rights bills in the late 1950’s and early 1960’s. The bill passed through both houses finally on July 2, 1964 and was signed into law at 6:55 P.M. EST by President Lyndon Johnson. The act was originally drawn up in 1962 under President Kennedy before his assassinationRead MoreEssay on Civil Rights Act of 19646131 Words   |  25 PagesThe Civil Rights Act of 1964 Danielle Endler Human Resources 4050, Spring 2013 Semester Professor David Penkrot May 3, 2013 The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is considered by some to be one of the most important laws in American history. (The Most Important Cases, Speeches, Laws Documents in American History) This Act was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on July 2, 1964 and it is a â€Å"comprehensive federal statute aimed at reducing discrimination in public accommodations and employmentRead MoreThe Civil Rights Act Of 1964879 Words   |  4 PagesPresident John F. Kennedy s New Frontier programs, Johnson wanted to expand civil rights and wage war on poverty. More than fifty years later, the effects of the Great Society on American life can still be felt. Civil rights fell under the scope of Johnson s Great Society programs. Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964, a law that ended discrimination in the US at all levels of government. Without the Civil Rights Act of 1964, blacks and other people of color would not have the opportunity to runRead MoreThe Civil Rights Act Of 1964848 Words   |  4 PagesVII, Civil Rights Act of 1964, followed by a brief description of personal experiences involving discrimination, and concluding with a reflection as to how the American workforce is protected by law. The writing will cover any ethically related issues, personal thoughts and ideas, and illustrations of how the law pertains directly to personal events, as well as provide direct links to any and all reference material covered under the purpose of this writing. Title VII, Civil Rights Act of 1964 TheRead MoreThe Civil Rights Act Of 19641702 Words   |  7 Pagessubject to, and the subject of, discrimination. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 originally did not include gender in the bill’s wording. Were it not for a backhanded comment made in jest by a backward congressman, women would not have been afforded equal rights protection in employment (Freeman, 1991; 2004). President Harry Truman inaugurated the legal Civil Rights Movement. Though people of color had long been yearning and fighting for their rights, President Truman began this legal process nationallyRead MoreThe Civil Rights Act Of 19641106 Words   |  5 Pages†(Cassanello). The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was the most influential event in the Civil Rights Movement because it paved way for ending discrimination and segregation, and giving more rights to African- Americans. During the Civil Rights Movement African- Americans were fighting to get their rights that were being taken away from them little by little. Starting in 1955 and going well into the late 1960’s early 1970’s, African- Americans started to protest against discriminatory laws and acts such as JimRead MoreThe Civil Rights Act Of 1964880 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween conflicting viewpoints are still being faced by Americans today. (Tiona/Claire) Equality for African Americans has made remarkable progress since the approval of the Civil Rights Act, but discrimination continues. A significant step towards racial equality was the Civil Rights Act of 1964, proposed by John F. Kennedy. This act brought an end to segregation in public facilities such as buses, restaurants, hotels, and places of entertainment. It also banned employment discrimination on the termsRead MoreThe Civil Right Act Of 19641072 Words   |  5 PagesTitle VII of the Civil Right Act of 1964, and both under the Disparate Treatment and Disparate Impact. Dunlap feels that he has been discriminated during the interview process. The district court concluded that TVAs subjective hiring process permitted racial bias against the plaintiff and other black job applicants. Tennessee Valley Authorities was found guilty of discrimination against the plaintiff. The Title Vii of the Civil Right Act of 1964 enforces the constitutional right to vote, to conferRead MoreThe Civil Rights Act Of 19641659 Words   |  7 Pagestask of passing the Civil Rights Act of 1964, officially outlawing discrimination on the basis of origin, gender, race or religion. Discrimination was an issue that not only permeated educational, governmental, occupational and recreational institutions, but also affected the way in which the Bill of Rights was applied to certain groups of people. Though much of the focus of the movement focused on race, women were still fighting to be seen as equal to men. The Civil Rights Act was passed by Congress

Ap European History Summer Assignment - 1230 Words

AP European History summer assignment Phachara Arromdee Part 1 1. In chapter 9, the three great calamities were France and England in a hundred year war, the Bubonic plague also known as the Black Death, and the breakdown and revival of the late medieval church. The hundred year old war was caused by King Edward the 3rd when he tried to claim the French throne when Charles the 4th died. It wasn’t the only reason since both England’s and France’s territory powers were too close to each other and tensions were high. The Bubonic plague also arrived between 1348- 1350, killing 2/5th of the Western Europe population. It was spread throughout by ticks on rats which nested in roofs or the filthy streets. 2. During the Bubonic plague, it†¦show more content†¦The book tries to describe a way to â€Å"cure† the disease with blessings and that the incoming disease was an infallible token of fast approaching death. The symptoms include a large black bubble originating usually in the groin area or armpits. 4. The rich kept time going steadily with tournaments. Each castle sends out a knight to compete in these tournaments to entertain the crowd and win glory. Each knight would fight on a horse or horse back with joust. The tournaments would sometimes result in severe injuries or even death! 5. The process to attain knight hood is a long process composed of 5 simple steps. The first step is to know the right people or have good connections. The second step in becoming a knight is to practice and have good manners. The third step is to figure out how to properly mount and ride a horse. The forth step is to learn the rules of Heraldry, chivalry, practice with weapons and horseback riding. The final step is to become a knight at a ceremony. 6. Tournaments during the medieval ages are not just to show look stunning but, to show how powerful from that particular castle. It also is used for entertaining other kingdoms with jousting. Tournaments can also be used to sharpen one’s skill set. Tournaments can help a knight in battle with the skills he learned from the tournaments. 7. There are two groups of the clergy, the

Research Assessment Topic and Instructions for Students

Question: Discuss what the term sufficient means in this context and whether the statement is accurate in regards to Australian contract law. Answer: Introduction Consideration can be described as the price that the promisor asks for a return of its promise and in this way, it is the price that is paid in return of the promise. Under the common law, it is required that in order to create a legally binding agreement, the promisee is required to provide consideration in return of the promise received by them. In this way, generally the gratuitous promises are not enforceable, although there are certain exceptions. Therefore, in most of the cases, a gratuitous promise is not enforceable and the promisee should provide some kind of consideration. As mentioned above, consideration is the price that has been stipulated by the promisor in return of the promise made by him or her. However it needs to be noted in this regard that the term price has been used in the wider sense. Therefore it is not necessary that it should be monitory or even it is not necessary that it should have some monetary value. It is only required that it should have some detriment for the promisee. This document can be in the form of losing a freedom that is otherwise enjoyed by the promisee, for example a promise to study every Saturday night or to quit smoking. Therefore it is not necessary that the promisor should receive some tangible benefit. For example in Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company,it was stated by the court that it is sufficient that the plaintiff Mrs. Carlill has suffered a detriment by using the Smoke Ball according to the directions of the company even if Carbolic Smoke Ball Co has not received any benefit as a result, (although the c ourt concluded that in fact the company had received a benefit). At the same time, there is the requirement that the consideration is required to move from the promisee but it is not necessary that the consideration should move to the promisor. An example in this regard can be given of the situation in which the promisor (A) requires that the promisee (B) should give us some of money to (C) as a consideration for the promise made by A to B. in such a case, it will be good consideration. On the other hand if the promisor requires that (C) should provide the consideration for the promise made by A to B, it will not constitute a good consideration because in such a case, there is no detriment to B. in the same way, in case of joint promisees, it can be considered a sufficient if the consideration has moved from only one of the promisees. In this regard, the law also provides that consideration can be anything that has been stipulated by the promisor. In this way, the promisor has to stipulate the consideration for the promise made by him or her and her promisee cannot offer something and term it as the consideration for the promise. However, if the consideration stipulated by the promise is legal, it can be in any form. At the same time, it also needs to be noted that it is not require that the consideration should be of comparing the value to the promise for which the consideration is being provided. A very important case in this regard is that of Chappell Co Ltd v Nestle Co Ltdin which it was stated by Lord Somervell that even a 'peppercorn' can be considered as a valuable consideration if the same has been stipulated by the promisor, even if it comes to attention that the promisor was not very fond of peppers and discarded the corn. However, at the same time it also needs to be noted that the adequacy of consider ation can be an important issue in some other aspects, particularly where evidence is present regarding unconscionable conduct or duress due to which the contract is liable to be rendered voidable. The facts of this case are that in order to promote the sale of chocolate, it was advertised by Nestl that it will supply a record to the persons who will send the company money as well as three wrappers of chocolate. Among the issues that needed to be decided in this case was the issue if the wrappers can be considered as a part of the consideration for the contract for sale of record. In this regard, Lord Somervell of Harrow stated that the provision of wrappers was not merely a condition precedent and the wrappers formed a part of the consideration. This fact was made clear by the offer according to which it was stated that the wrappers of chocolate will help the persons in getting smash hit recordings. On the other hand, it was claimed by Nestl that the wrappers are of no value however Lord Somervell stated in this regard that it was not relevant. The result was the famous statement in which it was stated that "a contracting party can stipulate for any consideration. Therefore a peppercorn can be a good consideration even if it has been proved that pepper was not liked by the promisee and he threw away the corn. Therefore, a consideration can be anything that has been stipulated by the promisor. As mentioned above, it is not necessary that the consideration should be adequate as long as the consideration is not illusionary. Therefore, a consideration can be nothing that has been stipulated by the promisor and the only requirement in this regard is that the consideration should not be illegal. However, it is also necessary that consideration should be something that can be considered by the law as having has certain 'value', or the consideration should exist. As a result, any illusionary undertaking cannot be considered as a good consideration for the promise. At the same time, it is also require that the consideration should come into existence with the promise or soon after the promise has been made. On the other hand where the stipulated consideration has been present before the promise itself, it cannot be considered as a good consideration. For example, A makes a promise to transfer the ownership of a car to B in lieu of the assistance that has been provided by B to A du ring the last month. This is not valid consideration as it is a past consideration. This issue was discussed in detail by the court in the case titled Roscorla v Thomaswhere it was decided by the court that the promise cannot be treated as binding due to the reason that the only consideration that has been provided in lieu of the promise regarding the soundness of horse was to enter the original contract which had taken place before making the promise. In this case, a horse was purchased by P from D. Then a promise was made by D that the horse was sound. However the horse was not sound and as a result P sued D for breach of contract. But the court stated in this case that no consideration was present for the promise which stated that the horse was sound. The contract for the sale of horse has been alleged as the consideration for this promise but it had preceded the promise made by the defendant. Therefore it cannot be considered as a part of the bargain and it was not given in exch ange of the promise. As a result, the court stated that the promise was not good consideration. However there is an exception to the rule that passed consideration cannot be good consideration. According to this rule, it can be good consideration if such consideration has been provided on request made by the promisor and if it was understood by the parties that such act will be remunerated and the promise had taken place before the act. In such a case, it can be enforced. In the same way, performing existing duty is also not considered as good consideration. In this way, it can be said that the meaning of the statement that consideration should be sufficient but need not be adequate is that the consideration should be sufficient in the eyes of law however it is not necessary that it should also be adequate. It is required that there should be the possibility of certain value that can be expressed in economic terms for the original promise but it is not necessary that it should be adequate also. Therefore, under the law of contract, a gratuitous promise or agreement is not considered as enforceable. In the same way, it is considered that natural love and affection are also not sufficient consideration as other sentimental motives. As a result, the courts do not investigate regarding the adequacy of the consideration and do not try to see if the parties have received equal value under the contract. At the same time, it also needs to be stated that the limitation on this doctrine is that merely doing something to entitle a person tollgate w ill not be considered as sufficient consideration. For example if A makes an offer to sell his house for one dollar, it is a valid consideration. On the other hand if A makes an offer to sell the house for nothing, the consideration is not present in this case and as a result the agreement is not considered as enforceable. In the case titled Thomas v Thomasa promise was made to pay 1 pound per annum rent which was considered as irrelevant to the fact of sufficient. However the issue of adequacy was not considered by the court. As mentioned above, the case titled Chappell v Nestl Co Ltdalso establishes this rule. It was also stated by the court in this case that it is a test if consideration can be considered as sufficient or not. Therefore it was justified that the courts dealt with the issue of the adequacy of consideration by referring to the freedom of contract. It is free for the parties to the contract to stipulate the consideration for the contract. No interference shall be ma de by the courts in the choice of the parties to the contract only due to the reason that it appears that a bad bargain has been made by one party. The reasoning on which the decision of the court in Chappell was based was perhaps that the requirement which provided that worthless wrappers of chocolate should be sent by people would have encouraged a number of people to buy the chocolate of that particular company. Conclusion: differ in the end it can be said that this position also summarizes the points of law as well as the arguments that are in favor of the statement that consideration should be sufficient but it is not necessary that consideration should also be adequate. In the same way, while considering the 'value' of the consideration, the courts do not go into the question of the 'adequacy' of consideration ought to see if the price paid by the party is fair or not.The courts are simply concerned with the fact if the consideration that has been paid by the party according to the contract can be expressed according to the terms of economic value. Therefore, intangibles like emotions, lack of boredomare not considered as valuable consideration. The only thing that is required is that the consideration should have some economic value for the party. References Paterson, Robertson Duke, Principles of Contract Law (Lawbook Co, 3rd ed, 2009. Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company [1892] EWCA Civ 1. Chappell Co Ltd v Nestle Co Ltd [1990] AC 87. Chappell Co Ltd v Nestle Co Ltd [1990] AC 87. Roscorla v Thomas (1842) 3 QB 234. Stilk v Myrick [1809] EWHC KB J58. Thomas v Thomas, 1842 2 QB 851. White v Bluett (1853) 23 LJ Ex 36. Paterson, Robertson Duke, Principles of Contract Law (Lawbook Co, 3rd ed, 2009). Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company [1892] EWCA Civ 1. Chappell Co Ltd v Nestle Co Ltd [1990] AC 87. Roscorla v Thomas (1842) 3 QB 234. Thomas v Thomas, 1842 2 QB 851. Chappell Co Ltd v Nestle Co Ltd [1990] AC 87. Stilk v Myrick [1809] EWHC KB J58. White v Bluett (1853) 23 LJ Ex 36.