The Civil Rights Act Of 1964 - 925 Words

Americans and even immigrants are afforded their basic civil rights based on the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The act, which was signed into law on July 2, 1964, declared all discrimination for any reason based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin will be deemed illegal in the United States (National Park Service, n.d.). When the act was enacted, people had to become more open minded; more accepting to the various cultures and backgrounds of individuals. Understanding that concept leads to the notion that there is and will be a diverse population within the United States. Diversity, as defined by the Cambridge dictionary, is the condition or fact of being different or varied (Cambridge Dictionary, n.d.). Diversity is also†¦show more content†¦Under the guidance of Title VI of the Civil Rights section, FEMA has established policy guidance to meet Civil Rights mandates (Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), 2015). In the event of a disaster, whether man-m ade or natural, staff members of FEMA work closely with community organizations to resolve tension and eliminate potential complaints of discrimination (Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), 2015). Every individual will be afforded to the opportunity to receive care and service, even those with disabilities as this community is overlooked during emergencies. If staff members violate any section of the Civil Rights section, a formal complaint can be made through the Office of Equal Rights (OER) to obtain assistance (Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), 2015). Complaints of discrimination is a serious matter that should to be managed swiftly on the part of any agency and in the case of FEMA, this matter is addressed formally by a Civil Rights Specialist. A Civil Rights Specialist is employed to manage cases of discrimination and investigate the validity of the complaint. The scope of their position is to process complaints, issue acknowledgements and acceptance/dismissals, conduct compliance reviews and issue a final decision in regards to the complaint being filed (Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), 2015). The denial to programs services, aids, or benefits are prohibited through the program and that is why it isShow MoreRelatedCivil Rights Act of 19641840 Words   |  8 PagesBefore the Civil Rights Act of 1964, segregation in the United States was commonly practiced in many of the Southern and Border States. This segregation while supposed to be separate but equal, was hardly that. Blacks in the South were discriminated ag ainst repeatedly while laws did nothing to protect their individual rights. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 ridded the nation of this legal segregation and cleared a path towards equality and integration. The passage of this Act, while forever alteringRead More Civil Rights Act of 1964 Essay1338 Words   |  6 Pages The Civil Rights Act of 1964 resulted from one of the most controversial House and Senate debates in history. It was also the biggest piece of civil rights legislation ever passed. The bill actually evolved from previous civil rights bills in the late 1950’s and early 1960’s. The bill passed through both houses finally on July 2, 1964 and was signed into law at 6:55 P.M. EST by President Lyndon Johnson. The act was originally drawn up in 1962 under President Kennedy before his assassinationRead MoreEssay on Civil Rights Act of 19646131 Words   |  25 PagesThe Civil Rights Act of 1964 Danielle Endler Human Resources 4050, Spring 2013 Semester Professor David Penkrot May 3, 2013 The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is considered by some to be one of the most important laws in American history. (The Most Important Cases, Speeches, Laws Documents in American History) This Act was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on July 2, 1964 and it is a â€Å"comprehensive federal statute aimed at reducing discrimination in public accommodations and employmentRead MoreThe Civil Rights Act Of 1964879 Words   |  4 PagesPresident John F. Kennedy s New Frontier programs, Johnson wanted to expand civil rights and wage war on poverty. More than fifty years later, the effects of the Great Society on American life can still be felt. Civil rights fell under the scope of Johnson s Great Society programs. Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964, a law that ended discrimination in the US at all levels of government. Without the Civil Rights Act of 1964, blacks and other people of color would not have the opportunity to runRead MoreThe Civil Rights Act Of 1964848 Words   |  4 PagesVII, Civil Rights Act of 1964, followed by a brief description of personal experiences involving discrimination, and concluding with a reflection as to how the American workforce is protected by law. The writing will cover any ethically related issues, personal thoughts and ideas, and illustrations of how the law pertains directly to personal events, as well as provide direct links to any and all reference material covered under the purpose of this writing. Title VII, Civil Rights Act of 1964 TheRead MoreThe Civil Rights Act Of 19641702 Words   |  7 Pagessubject to, and the subject of, discrimination. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 originally did not include gender in the bill’s wording. Were it not for a backhanded comment made in jest by a backward congressman, women would not have been afforded equal rights protection in employment (Freeman, 1991; 2004). President Harry Truman inaugurated the legal Civil Rights Movement. Though people of color had long been yearning and fighting for their rights, President Truman began this legal process nationallyRead MoreThe Civil Rights Act Of 19641106 Words   |  5 Pages†(Cassanello). The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was the most influential event in the Civil Rights Movement because it paved way for ending discrimination and segregation, and giving more rights to African- Americans. During the Civil Rights Movement African- Americans were fighting to get their rights that were being taken away from them little by little. Starting in 1955 and going well into the late 1960’s early 1970’s, African- Americans started to protest against discriminatory laws and acts such as JimRead MoreThe Civil Rights Act Of 1964880 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween conflicting viewpoints are still being faced by Americans today. (Tiona/Claire) Equality for African Americans has made remarkable progress since the approval of the Civil Rights Act, but discrimination continues. A significant step towards racial equality was the Civil Rights Act of 1964, proposed by John F. Kennedy. This act brought an end to segregation in public facilities such as buses, restaurants, hotels, and places of entertainment. It also banned employment discrimination on the termsRead MoreThe Civil Right Act Of 19641072 Words   |  5 PagesTitle VII of the Civil Right Act of 1964, and both under the Disparate Treatment and Disparate Impact. Dunlap feels that he has been discriminated during the interview process. The district court concluded that TVAs subjective hiring process permitted racial bias against the plaintiff and other black job applicants. Tennessee Valley Authorities was found guilty of discrimination against the plaintiff. The Title Vii of the Civil Right Act of 1964 enforces the constitutional right to vote, to conferRead MoreThe Civil Rights Act Of 19641659 Words   |  7 Pagestask of passing the Civil Rights Act of 1964, officially outlawing discrimination on the basis of origin, gender, race or religion. Discrimination was an issue that not only permeated educational, governmental, occupational and recreational institutions, but also affected the way in which the Bill of Rights was applied to certain groups of people. Though much of the focus of the movement focused on race, women were still fighting to be seen as equal to men. The Civil Rights Act was passed by Congress

Ap European History Summer Assignment - 1230 Words

AP European History summer assignment Phachara Arromdee Part 1 1. In chapter 9, the three great calamities were France and England in a hundred year war, the Bubonic plague also known as the Black Death, and the breakdown and revival of the late medieval church. The hundred year old war was caused by King Edward the 3rd when he tried to claim the French throne when Charles the 4th died. It wasn’t the only reason since both England’s and France’s territory powers were too close to each other and tensions were high. The Bubonic plague also arrived between 1348- 1350, killing 2/5th of the Western Europe population. It was spread throughout by ticks on rats which nested in roofs or the filthy streets. 2. During the Bubonic plague, it†¦show more content†¦The book tries to describe a way to â€Å"cure† the disease with blessings and that the incoming disease was an infallible token of fast approaching death. The symptoms include a large black bubble originating usually in the groin area or armpits. 4. The rich kept time going steadily with tournaments. Each castle sends out a knight to compete in these tournaments to entertain the crowd and win glory. Each knight would fight on a horse or horse back with joust. The tournaments would sometimes result in severe injuries or even death! 5. The process to attain knight hood is a long process composed of 5 simple steps. The first step is to know the right people or have good connections. The second step in becoming a knight is to practice and have good manners. The third step is to figure out how to properly mount and ride a horse. The forth step is to learn the rules of Heraldry, chivalry, practice with weapons and horseback riding. The final step is to become a knight at a ceremony. 6. Tournaments during the medieval ages are not just to show look stunning but, to show how powerful from that particular castle. It also is used for entertaining other kingdoms with jousting. Tournaments can also be used to sharpen one’s skill set. Tournaments can help a knight in battle with the skills he learned from the tournaments. 7. There are two groups of the clergy, the

Research Assessment Topic and Instructions for Students

Question: Discuss what the term sufficient means in this context and whether the statement is accurate in regards to Australian contract law. Answer: Introduction Consideration can be described as the price that the promisor asks for a return of its promise and in this way, it is the price that is paid in return of the promise. Under the common law, it is required that in order to create a legally binding agreement, the promisee is required to provide consideration in return of the promise received by them. In this way, generally the gratuitous promises are not enforceable, although there are certain exceptions. Therefore, in most of the cases, a gratuitous promise is not enforceable and the promisee should provide some kind of consideration. As mentioned above, consideration is the price that has been stipulated by the promisor in return of the promise made by him or her. However it needs to be noted in this regard that the term price has been used in the wider sense. Therefore it is not necessary that it should be monitory or even it is not necessary that it should have some monetary value. It is only required that it should have some detriment for the promisee. This document can be in the form of losing a freedom that is otherwise enjoyed by the promisee, for example a promise to study every Saturday night or to quit smoking. Therefore it is not necessary that the promisor should receive some tangible benefit. For example in Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company,it was stated by the court that it is sufficient that the plaintiff Mrs. Carlill has suffered a detriment by using the Smoke Ball according to the directions of the company even if Carbolic Smoke Ball Co has not received any benefit as a result, (although the c ourt concluded that in fact the company had received a benefit). At the same time, there is the requirement that the consideration is required to move from the promisee but it is not necessary that the consideration should move to the promisor. An example in this regard can be given of the situation in which the promisor (A) requires that the promisee (B) should give us some of money to (C) as a consideration for the promise made by A to B. in such a case, it will be good consideration. On the other hand if the promisor requires that (C) should provide the consideration for the promise made by A to B, it will not constitute a good consideration because in such a case, there is no detriment to B. in the same way, in case of joint promisees, it can be considered a sufficient if the consideration has moved from only one of the promisees. In this regard, the law also provides that consideration can be anything that has been stipulated by the promisor. In this way, the promisor has to stipulate the consideration for the promise made by him or her and her promisee cannot offer something and term it as the consideration for the promise. However, if the consideration stipulated by the promise is legal, it can be in any form. At the same time, it also needs to be noted that it is not require that the consideration should be of comparing the value to the promise for which the consideration is being provided. A very important case in this regard is that of Chappell Co Ltd v Nestle Co Ltdin which it was stated by Lord Somervell that even a 'peppercorn' can be considered as a valuable consideration if the same has been stipulated by the promisor, even if it comes to attention that the promisor was not very fond of peppers and discarded the corn. However, at the same time it also needs to be noted that the adequacy of consider ation can be an important issue in some other aspects, particularly where evidence is present regarding unconscionable conduct or duress due to which the contract is liable to be rendered voidable. The facts of this case are that in order to promote the sale of chocolate, it was advertised by Nestl that it will supply a record to the persons who will send the company money as well as three wrappers of chocolate. Among the issues that needed to be decided in this case was the issue if the wrappers can be considered as a part of the consideration for the contract for sale of record. In this regard, Lord Somervell of Harrow stated that the provision of wrappers was not merely a condition precedent and the wrappers formed a part of the consideration. This fact was made clear by the offer according to which it was stated that the wrappers of chocolate will help the persons in getting smash hit recordings. On the other hand, it was claimed by Nestl that the wrappers are of no value however Lord Somervell stated in this regard that it was not relevant. The result was the famous statement in which it was stated that "a contracting party can stipulate for any consideration. Therefore a peppercorn can be a good consideration even if it has been proved that pepper was not liked by the promisee and he threw away the corn. Therefore, a consideration can be anything that has been stipulated by the promisor. As mentioned above, it is not necessary that the consideration should be adequate as long as the consideration is not illusionary. Therefore, a consideration can be nothing that has been stipulated by the promisor and the only requirement in this regard is that the consideration should not be illegal. However, it is also necessary that consideration should be something that can be considered by the law as having has certain 'value', or the consideration should exist. As a result, any illusionary undertaking cannot be considered as a good consideration for the promise. At the same time, it is also require that the consideration should come into existence with the promise or soon after the promise has been made. On the other hand where the stipulated consideration has been present before the promise itself, it cannot be considered as a good consideration. For example, A makes a promise to transfer the ownership of a car to B in lieu of the assistance that has been provided by B to A du ring the last month. This is not valid consideration as it is a past consideration. This issue was discussed in detail by the court in the case titled Roscorla v Thomaswhere it was decided by the court that the promise cannot be treated as binding due to the reason that the only consideration that has been provided in lieu of the promise regarding the soundness of horse was to enter the original contract which had taken place before making the promise. In this case, a horse was purchased by P from D. Then a promise was made by D that the horse was sound. However the horse was not sound and as a result P sued D for breach of contract. But the court stated in this case that no consideration was present for the promise which stated that the horse was sound. The contract for the sale of horse has been alleged as the consideration for this promise but it had preceded the promise made by the defendant. Therefore it cannot be considered as a part of the bargain and it was not given in exch ange of the promise. As a result, the court stated that the promise was not good consideration. However there is an exception to the rule that passed consideration cannot be good consideration. According to this rule, it can be good consideration if such consideration has been provided on request made by the promisor and if it was understood by the parties that such act will be remunerated and the promise had taken place before the act. In such a case, it can be enforced. In the same way, performing existing duty is also not considered as good consideration. In this way, it can be said that the meaning of the statement that consideration should be sufficient but need not be adequate is that the consideration should be sufficient in the eyes of law however it is not necessary that it should also be adequate. It is required that there should be the possibility of certain value that can be expressed in economic terms for the original promise but it is not necessary that it should be adequate also. Therefore, under the law of contract, a gratuitous promise or agreement is not considered as enforceable. In the same way, it is considered that natural love and affection are also not sufficient consideration as other sentimental motives. As a result, the courts do not investigate regarding the adequacy of the consideration and do not try to see if the parties have received equal value under the contract. At the same time, it also needs to be stated that the limitation on this doctrine is that merely doing something to entitle a person tollgate w ill not be considered as sufficient consideration. For example if A makes an offer to sell his house for one dollar, it is a valid consideration. On the other hand if A makes an offer to sell the house for nothing, the consideration is not present in this case and as a result the agreement is not considered as enforceable. In the case titled Thomas v Thomasa promise was made to pay 1 pound per annum rent which was considered as irrelevant to the fact of sufficient. However the issue of adequacy was not considered by the court. As mentioned above, the case titled Chappell v Nestl Co Ltdalso establishes this rule. It was also stated by the court in this case that it is a test if consideration can be considered as sufficient or not. Therefore it was justified that the courts dealt with the issue of the adequacy of consideration by referring to the freedom of contract. It is free for the parties to the contract to stipulate the consideration for the contract. No interference shall be ma de by the courts in the choice of the parties to the contract only due to the reason that it appears that a bad bargain has been made by one party. The reasoning on which the decision of the court in Chappell was based was perhaps that the requirement which provided that worthless wrappers of chocolate should be sent by people would have encouraged a number of people to buy the chocolate of that particular company. Conclusion: differ in the end it can be said that this position also summarizes the points of law as well as the arguments that are in favor of the statement that consideration should be sufficient but it is not necessary that consideration should also be adequate. In the same way, while considering the 'value' of the consideration, the courts do not go into the question of the 'adequacy' of consideration ought to see if the price paid by the party is fair or not.The courts are simply concerned with the fact if the consideration that has been paid by the party according to the contract can be expressed according to the terms of economic value. Therefore, intangibles like emotions, lack of boredomare not considered as valuable consideration. The only thing that is required is that the consideration should have some economic value for the party. References Paterson, Robertson Duke, Principles of Contract Law (Lawbook Co, 3rd ed, 2009. Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company [1892] EWCA Civ 1. Chappell Co Ltd v Nestle Co Ltd [1990] AC 87. Chappell Co Ltd v Nestle Co Ltd [1990] AC 87. Roscorla v Thomas (1842) 3 QB 234. Stilk v Myrick [1809] EWHC KB J58. Thomas v Thomas, 1842 2 QB 851. White v Bluett (1853) 23 LJ Ex 36. Paterson, Robertson Duke, Principles of Contract Law (Lawbook Co, 3rd ed, 2009). Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company [1892] EWCA Civ 1. Chappell Co Ltd v Nestle Co Ltd [1990] AC 87. Roscorla v Thomas (1842) 3 QB 234. Thomas v Thomas, 1842 2 QB 851. Chappell Co Ltd v Nestle Co Ltd [1990] AC 87. Stilk v Myrick [1809] EWHC KB J58. White v Bluett (1853) 23 LJ Ex 36.